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Hunters of Dune (Dune Universe Book 18) - Kindle edition by Brian Herbert, Kevin J. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Hunters of Dune (Dune Universe Book 18). Author:Herbert, Frank Herbert, Frank Format: azw, epub Up they climbed, following the guide poles until the ledge dwindled to a narrow lip at the mouth of a dark crevasse. Paul tipped his head to peer into the shadowed place. He could feel the precarious hold his feet had on the slender ledge, but forced himself to slow caution.

Dune is a 1965 science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, originally published as two separate serials in Analog magazine. It tied with Roger Zelazny's This Immortal for the Hugo Award in 1966,^[3] and it won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.^[4] It is the first installment of the Dune saga, and in 2003 was cited as the world's best-selling science fiction novel.^[5][6]

Set in the distant future amidst a feudal interstellar society in which various noble houses control planetary fiefs, Dune tells the story of young Paul Atreides, whose family accepts the stewardship of the planet Arrakis. While the planet is an inhospitable and sparsely populated desert wasteland, it is the only source of melange, or 'the spice', a drug that extends life and enhances mental abilities.^[7] As melange can only be produced on Arrakis, control of the planet is a coveted and dangerous undertaking. The story explores the multi-layered interactions of politics, religion, ecology, technology, and human emotion, as the factions of the empire confront each other in a struggle for the control of Arrakis and its spice.^[8]

Herbert wrote five sequels: Dune Messiah, Children of Dune, God Emperor of Dune, Heretics of Dune, and Chapterhouse: Dune. The first novel also inspired a 1984 film adaptation by David Lynch, the 2000 Sci-Fi Channel miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and its 2003 sequel Frank Herbert's Children of Dune (which combines the events of Dune Messiah and Children of Dune), a series of computer games, a board game, songs, and a series of followups, including prequels and sequels, that were co-written by Kevin J. Anderson and the author's son, Brian Herbert, starting in 1999.^[9] A new film adaptation directed by Denis Villeneuve is scheduled to be released on November 20, 2020.

Since 2009, the names of planets from the Dune novels have been adopted for the real-life nomenclature of plains and other features on Saturn's moon Titan.^[10][11][12]

• 4Themes and influences
• 7Adaptations
• 8Cultural influence

Origins[edit]

After his novel The Dragon in the Sea was published in 1957, Herbert traveled to Florence, Oregon, at the north end of the Oregon Dunes. Here, the United States Department of Agriculture was attempting to use poverty grasses to stabilize the sand dunes. Herbert claimed in a letter to his literary agent, Lurton Blassingame, that the moving dunes could 'swallow whole cities, lakes, rivers, highways.'^[13] Herbert's article on the dunes, 'They Stopped the Moving Sands', was never completed (and only published decades later in The Road to Dune) but its research sparked Herbert's interest in ecology.

Herbert spent the next five years researching, writing, and revising. He published a three-part serial Dune World in the monthly Analog, from December 1963 to February 1964. The serial was accompanied by several illustrations that were not published again. After an interval of a year, he published the much slower-paced five-part The Prophet of Dune in the January – May 1965 issues.^[14][15] (The first serial became part one of the volume, and the second was divided into parts two and three.) The serialized version was expanded, reworked, and submitted to more than twenty publishers, each of whom rejected it. The novel, Dune, was finally accepted and published in August 1965 by Chilton Books, a printing house better known for publishing auto repair manuals.

Herbert dedicated his work 'to the people whose labors go beyond ideas into the realm of 'real materials'—to the dry-land ecologists, wherever they may be, in whatever time they work, this effort at prediction is dedicated in humility and admiration.'

Plot[edit]

In the far future, humanity has eschewed advanced computers due to a religious prohibition, in favor of adapting their minds to be capable of extremely complex tasks. Much of this is enabled by the spice melange, which is found only on Arrakis, a desert planet with giant sandworms as its most notable native lifeform. Melange improves general health, extends life and can bestow limited prescience, and its rarity makes it a form of currency in the interstellar empire. Melange allows the Spacing Guild's Navigators to safely route faster-than-light travel between planets, and helps the Reverend Mothers of the matriarchal Bene Gesserit to access their Other Memory, the ego and experiences of their female ancestors.

As the novel opens, each planet is ruled by a Great House that owes allegiance to the Padishah EmperorShaddam IV. The Emperor suspects that Duke Leto Atreides of House Atreides has become a potential challenger to his throne as Leto gains favor with other Great Houses in the Landsraad. The Emperor seeks the downfall of House Atreides by assigning them control of Arrakis, currently ruled by Baron Vladimir Harkonnen of House Harkonnen. The Atreides and Harkonnen houses have had a generations-long feud, and the Emperor secretly plots with the Baron to attack House Atreides after its move to Arrakis. While masking his involvement in the Baron's attack, the Emperor plans to ensure its success by deploying some of his elite Sardaukar troopers in Harkonnen disguise.

Leto Atreides, on hearing of this new assignment, realizes that it must be a trap, but the opportunity is impossible to decline. He and his trusted advisors, including SwordmasterDuncan Idaho, Mentat Thufir Hawat, Suk doctorWellington Yueh, and troubadour-soldier Gurney Halleck, prepare for any eventuality. Meanwhile, Reverend Mother Mohiam accuses Leto's concubine, the Bene Gesserit Lady Jessica, of defying their secret centuries-long breeding program, aimed to produce a male Bene Gesserit they call the Kwisatz Haderach, who would have oracular powers to see throughout time and space. Jessica had been ordered to produce a daughter to continue the program, but out of love for Leto she had given him a son, Paul Atreides. Jessica has since trained Paul in the Bene Gesserit way, and Mohiam is reluctantly impressed when Paul passes the test of the gom jabbar, a poisoned needle and a pain-inducing box designed to test if one is actually human.

House Atreides takes control of Arrakis, finding traps left by the Harkonnens in the palace. Leto quickly makes political ties with the native Fremen, nomadic tribes that have adapted to the harsh desert conditions, and Leto assigns Duncan to stay and learn more from them. Soon, House Harkonnen launches its attack on the Atreides, devastating many of Atreides' troops and killing Duncan. Yueh reveals himself as a Harkonnen traitor, forced to help the Baron capture Leto under duress; however, Yueh also arranges for Jessica and Paul to escape the capital while making it appear they died. Yueh replaces one of Leto's teeth with a poison capsule, hoping Leto can kill the Baron during their encounter, but the Harkonnen avoids the gas, which instead kills Leto and the Baron's Mentat, Piter De Vries. The Baron forces Hawat to take over De Vries' position; while he follows the Baron's orders, Hawat works out how to undermine the Harkonnens.

After fleeing into the desert, Paul realizes he has significant powers as an accidental result of the Bene Gesserit breeding scheme, inadvertently caused by Jessica bearing a son. He foresees futures in which he lives among the Fremen, and has a vision where he is informed of the addictive qualities of the spice. Paul and Jessica are accepted into the Fremen community of Sietch Tabr, and teach the Fremen the Bene Gesserit fighting technique known as the 'weirding way'. Paul proves his manhood and chooses his Fremen name of Muad'Dib. Jessica opts to undergo the ritual to become a Reverend Mother by drinking the poisonous Water of Life. Pregnant with Leto's daughter, she inadvertently causes the unborn child, Alia, to become infused with the same powers in the womb. Paul takes a Fremen lover, Chani, and has a son with her, Leto II. As two years pass, Paul's powerful prescience abilities have manifested, which lead the Fremen to consider him their Mahdi (messiah). Paul recognizes that the Fremen can be a powerful fighting force to take back Arrakis, but also sees that if he does not control them, their jihad could extend to the entire universe.

Word about this new Fremen leader Muad'Dib reaches both the Baron and the Emperor as spice production falls due to increasingly destructive Fremen raids. The Baron decides to replace his more brutish nephew Glossu Rabban with his shrewd nephew Feyd-Rautha, hoping to gain favor with the Fremen. The Emperor suspects the Baron of trying to create troops more powerful than the Sardaukar to seize power, and sends spies to monitor activity on Arrakis. Hawat uses the opportunity to sow seeds of doubt in the Baron about the Emperor's true plans, putting further strain on their alliance. Meanwhile, Gurney has reunited with Paul and Jessica. Believing Jessica to be the Atreides traitor, Gurney threatens to kill her, but is stopped by Paul. However, Paul had not foreseen Gurney's attack, and believes he must drink the Water of Life to increase his prescience, until now usable only by the Bene Gesserit sisterhood and fatal to men. Paul falls into unconsciousness for several weeks after drinking the Water, but when he wakes, he has clairvoyance across time and space—-he has become the Kwisatz Haderach. He senses that the Emperor and Baron are amassing fleets around Arrakis to quell the Fremen rebellion, and prepares the Fremen for a major offensive against the Harkonnen troops.

The Emperor arrives with the Baron on Arrakis, and their combined troops seize a Fremen outpost, killing many including Leto II, while Alia is captured and taken to the Baron. She remains defiant, putting her trust in her brother and revealing that Muad'Dib is Paul. At that moment, Paul and the Fremen, riding sandworms, assault the capital, and Alia assassinates the Baron and escapes. Paul and the Fremen quickly defeat the Harkonnen and Sardaukar troops. Paul faces the Emperor and threatens to destroy spice production forever unless the Emperor abdicates the throne. Feyd-Rautha attempts to stop Paul by challenging him to a knife battle, but Paul gains the upper hand and kills him. The Emperor reluctantly cedes the throne to Paul and promises his daughter Princess Irulan's hand in marriage. As Paul takes control of the Empire, he realizes that while he achieved his goal, he is no longer able to stop the Fremen jihad, as their belief in him is too powerful to restrain.

Characters[edit]

House Atreides

• Paul Atreides, the Duke's son, and main character of the novel.
• Duke Leto Atreides, head of House Atreides
• Lady Jessica, Bene Gesserit and concubine of the Duke, mother of Paul and Alia
• Alia Atreides, Paul's younger sister
• Thufir Hawat, Mentat and Master of Assassins to House Atreides
• Gurney Halleck, staunchly loyal troubadour warrior of the Atreides
• Duncan Idaho, Swordmaster for House Atreides, graduate of the Ginaz School
• Wellington Yueh, Suk doctor for the Atreides, who is secretly working for House Harkonnen

House Harkonnen

• Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, head of House Harkonnen
• Piter De Vries, twisted Mentat
• Feyd-Rautha, nephew and heir-presumptive of the Baron
• Glossu 'Beast' Rabban, also called Rabban Harkonnen, older nephew of the Baron
• Iakin Nefud, Captain of the Guard

House Corrino

• Shaddam IV, Padishah Emperor of the Known Universe (the Imperium)
• Princess Irulan, Shaddam's eldest daughter and heir, also a historian
• Count Hasimir Fenring, genetic eunuch and the Emperor's closest friend, advisor, and 'errand boy'

Bene Gesserit

• Reverend MotherGaius Helen Mohiam, Bene Gesserit schemer, the Emperor's Truthsayer
• Lady Margot Fenring, Bene Gesserit wife of Count Fenring

Fremen

• The Fremen, 'native' inhabitants of Arrakis
• Stilgar, Fremen Naib (chieftain) of Sietch Tabr
• Chani, Paul's Fremen concubine
• Liet-Kynes, the Imperial Planetologist on Arrakis and father of Chani, as well as a revered figure among the Fremen
• Mapes, head housekeeper of imperial residence on Arrakis
• Jamis, Fremen killed by Paul in ritual duel
• Harah, wife of Jamis and later servant to Paul
• Ramallo, reverend mother of Sietch Tabr

Smugglers

• Esmar Tuek, a powerful smuggler and the father of Staban Tuek.
• Staban Tuek, the son of Esmar Tuek. A powerful smuggler who befriends and takes in Gurney Halleck and his surviving men after the attack on the Atreides.

Themes and influences[edit]

The Dune series is a landmark of soft science fiction. Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in his Dune universe so he could address the politics of humanity, rather than the future of humanity's technology. Dune considers the way humans and their institutions might change over time.^[1][2] Director John Harrison, who adapted Dune for Syfy's 2000 miniseries, called the novel a universal and timeless reflection of 'the human condition and its moral dilemmas', and said:

A lot of people refer to Dune as science fiction. I never do. I consider it an epic adventure in the classic storytelling tradition, a story of myth and legend not unlike the Morte d'Arthur or any messiah story. It just happens to be set in the future ... The story is actually more relevant today than when Herbert wrote it. In the 1960s, there were just these two colossal superpowers duking it out. Today we're living in a more feudal, corporatized world more akin to Herbert's universe of separate families, power centers and business interests, all interrelated and kept together by the one commodity necessary to all.^[16]

Novelist Brian Herbert, Frank Herbert's son and biographer, wrote:

Dune is a modern-day conglomeration of familiar myths, a tale in which great sandworms guard a precious treasure of melange, the geriatric spice that represents, among other things, the finite resource of oil. The planet Arrakis features immense, ferocious worms that are like dragons of lore, with 'great teeth' and a 'bellows breath of cinnamon.' This resembles the myth described by an unknown English poet in Beowulf, the compelling tale of a fearsome fire dragon who guarded a great treasure hoard in a lair under cliffs, at the edge of the sea. The desert of Frank Herbert’s classic novel is a vast ocean of sand, with giant worms diving into the depths, the mysterious and unrevealed domain of Shai-hulud. Dune tops are like the crests of waves, and there are powerful sandstorms out there, creating extreme danger. On Arrakis, life is said to emanate from the Maker (Shai-hulud) in the desert-sea; similarly all life on Earth is believed to have evolved from our oceans. Frank Herbert drew parallels, used spectacular metaphors, and extrapolated present conditions into world systems that seem entirely alien at first blush. But close examination reveals they aren’t so different from systems we know…and the book characters of his imagination are not so different from people familiar to us.^[17]

Each chapter of Dune begins with an epigraph excerpted from the fictional writings of the character Princess Irulan. In forms such as diary entries, historical commentary, biography, quotations and philosophy, these writings set tone and provide exposition, context and other details intended to enhance understanding of Herbert's complex fictional universe and themes.^[18][19][20] Brian Herbert wrote: 'Dad told me that you could follow any of the novel's layers as you read it, and then start the book all over again, focusing on an entirely different layer. At the end of the book, he intentionally left loose ends and said he did this to send the readers spinning out of the story with bits and pieces of it still clinging to them, so that they would want to go back and read it again.'^[21]

Environmentalism and ecology[edit]

Dune has been called the 'first planetary ecology novel on a grand scale'.^[22] After the publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962, science fiction writers began treating the subject of ecological change and its consequences. Dune responded in 1965 with its complex descriptions of Arrakis life, from giant sandworms (for whom water is deadly) to smaller, mouse-like life forms adapted to live with limited water. Dune was followed in its creation of complex and unique ecologies by other science fiction books such as A Door into Ocean (1986) and Red Mars (1992).^[22] Environmentalists have pointed out that Dune's popularity as a novel depicting a planet as a complex—almost living—thing, in combination with the first images of Earth from space being published in the same time period, strongly influenced environmental movements such as the establishment of the international Earth Day.^[23]

Declining empires[edit]

Lorenzo DiTommaso compared Dune's portrayal of the downfall of a galactic empire to Edward Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire which argues that Christianity led to the fall of Ancient Rome. In 'History and Historical Effect in Frank Herbert's Dune' (1992), Lorenzo DiTommaso outlines similarities between the two works by highlighting the excesses of the Emperor on his home planet of Kaitain and of the Baron Harkonnen in his palace. The Emperor loses his effectiveness as a ruler from excess of ceremony and pomp. The hairdressers and attendants he brings with him to Arrakis are even referred to as 'parasites'. The Baron Harkonnen is similarly corrupt, materially indulgent, a sexual degenerate. Gibbon's Decline and Fall blames the fall of Rome on the rise of Christianity. Gibbon claimed that this exotic import from a conquered province weakened the soldiers of Rome and left it open to attack. Similarly, the Emperor's Sardaukar fighters are little match for the Fremen of Dune because of the Sardaukar's overconfidence and the Fremen's capacity for self-sacrifice. The Fremen put the community before themselves in every instance, while the world outside wallows in luxury at the expense of others.^[24]

The decline and long peace of the Empire sets the stage for revolution and renewal by genetic mixing of successful and unsuccessful groups through war, a process culminating in the Jihad led by Paul Atreides, described by Frank Herbert as depicting 'war as a collective orgasm' (drawing on Norman Walter's 1950 The Sexual Cycle of Human Warfare),^[25][26] themes that would reappear in God Emperor of Dune'sScattering and Leto II's all-female Fish Speaker army.

Middle Eastern references[edit]

Due to the similarities between some of Herbert's terms and ideas and actual words and concepts in the Arabic language, as well as the series' 'Islamicundertones' and themes, a Middle Eastern influence on Herbert's works has been noted repeatedly.^[27][28] In addition to Arabic, Dune derives words and names from multiple other languages, including Hebrew, Navajo, Latin, Chakobsa, the Nahuatl dialect of the Aztecs, Greek, Persian, East Indian, Russian, Turkish, Finnish, and Old English.^[29]

As a foreigner who adopts the ways of a desert-dwelling people and then leads them in a military capacity, Paul Atreides' character bears many similarities to the historical T. E. Lawrence;^[30] his 1962 biopic Lawrence of Arabia has also been identified as an influence.^[31]Lesley Blanch's novel The Sabres of Paradise (1960) has also been identified as a major influence upon Dune, with its depiction of Imam Shamil and the Islamic culture of the Caucasus inspiring some of the themes, characters, events and terminology of Dune.^[32]

The environment of the desert planet Arrakis is similar to the Middle East, particularly the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf, as well as Mexico. The novel also contains references to the petroleum industries in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf as well as Mexico.^[33]

Gender dynamics[edit]

Paul's approach to power consistently requires his upbringing under the female-oriented Bene Gesserit, who operate as a long-dominating shadow government behind all of the great houses and their marriages or divisions. A central theme of the book is the connection, in Jessica's son, of this female aspect with his male aspect. In a Bene Gesserit test early in the book, it is implied that people are generally 'inhuman' in that they irrationally place desire over self-interest and reason. This applies Herbert's philosophy that humans are not created equal, while equal justice and equal opportunity are higher ideals than mental, physical, or moral equality.^[34] Margery Hourihan even calls the main character's mother, Jessica, 'by far the most interesting character in the novel'^[35] and pointing out that while her son approaches a power which makes him almost alien to the reader, she remains human. Throughout the novel, she struggles to maintain power in a male-dominated society, and manages to help her son at key moments in his realization of power.^[35]

Heroism[edit]

I am showing you the superhero syndrome and your own participation in it.

Throughout Paul's rise to superhuman status, he follows a plotline common to many stories describing the birth of a hero. He has unfortunate circumstances forced onto him. After a long period of hardship and exile, he confronts and defeats the source of evil in his tale.^[37][38] As such, Dune is representative of a general trend beginning in 1960s American science fiction in that it features a character who attains godlike status through scientific means.^[39] Eventually, Paul Atreides gains a level of omniscience which allows him to take over the planet and the galaxy, and causing the Fremen of Arrakis to worship him like a god. Author Frank Herbert said in 1979, 'The bottom line of the Dune trilogy is: beware of heroes. Much better [to] rely on your own judgment, and your own mistakes.'^[40] He wrote in 1985, 'Dune was aimed at this whole idea of the infallible leader because my view of history says that mistakes made by a leader (or made in a leader's name) are amplified by the numbers who follow without question.'^[41]

Juan A. Prieto-Pablos says Herbert achieves a new typology with Paul's superpowers, differentiating the heroes of Dune from earlier heroes such as Superman, van Vogt's Gilbert Gosseyn and Henry Kuttner's telepaths. Unlike previous superheroes who acquire their powers suddenly and accidentally, Paul's are the result of 'painful and slow personal progress.' And unlike other superheroes of the 1960s—who are the exception among ordinary people in their respective worlds—Herbert's characters grow their powers through 'the application of mystical philosophies and techniques.' For Herbert, the ordinary person can develop incredible fighting skills (Fremen, Ginaz swordsmen and Sardaukar) or mental abilities (Bene Gesserit, Mentats, Spacing Guild Navigators).^[42]

Zen and religion[edit]

Early in his newspaper career, Herbert was introduced to Zen by two Jungian psychologists, Ralph and Irene Slattery, who 'gave a crucial boost to his thinking'.^[43] Zen teachings ultimately had 'a profound and continuing influence on [Herbert's] work'.^[43] Throughout the Dune series and particularly in Dune, Herbert employs concepts and forms borrowed from Zen Buddhism.^[43][44] The Fremen are Zensunni adherents, and many of Herbert's epigraphs are Zen-spirited.^[45] In 'Dune Genesis', Frank Herbert wrote:

What especially pleases me is to see the interwoven themes, the fuguelike relationships of images that exactly replay the way Dune took shape. As in an Escher lithograph, I involved myself with recurrent themes that turn into paradox. The central paradox concerns the human vision of time. What about Paul's gift of prescience-the Presbyterian fixation? For the Delphic Oracle to perform, it must tangle itself in a web of predestination. Yet predestination negates surprises and, in fact, sets up a mathematically enclosed universe whose limits are always inconsistent, always encountering the unprovable. It's like a koan, a Zen mind breaker. It's like the Cretan Epimenides saying, 'All Cretans are liars.'^[34]

Brian Herbert called the Dune universe 'a spiritual melting pot', noting that his father incorporated elements of a variety of religions, including Buddhism, Sufi mysticism and other Islamic belief systems, Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, and Hinduism.^[46] He added that Frank Herbert's fictional future in which 'religious beliefs have combined into interesting forms' represents the author's solution to eliminating arguments between religions, each of which claimed to have 'the one and only revelation.'^[46]

Reception[edit]

Dune tied with Roger Zelazny's This Immortal for the Hugo Award in 1966,^[3] and won the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.^[4] Reviews of the novel have been largely positive, and Dune is considered by some critics to be the best science fiction book ever written.^[47] The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, and has sold almost 20 million copies.^[48]Dune has been regularly cited as one of the world's best-selling science fiction novels.^[5][6]

Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke has described it as 'unique' and claimed 'I know nothing comparable to it except Lord of the Rings.'^[49]Robert A. Heinlein described Dune as 'Powerful, convincing, and most ingenious.'^[49] It was called 'One of the monuments of modern science fiction' by the Chicago Tribune, while the Washington Post described it as 'A portrayal of an alien society more complete and deeply detailed than any other author in the field has managed ... a story absorbing equally for its action and philosophical vistas ... An astonishing science fiction phenomenon.'^[49]

Algis Budrys praised Dune for the vividness of its imagined setting, saying 'The time lives. It breathes, it speaks, and Herbert has smelt it in his nostrils'. He found that the novel, however, 'turns flat and tails off at the end. ... [T]ruly effective villains simply simper and melt; fierce men and cunning statesmen and seeresses all bend before this new Messiah'. Budrys faulted in particular Herbert's decision to kill Paul's infant son offstage, with no apparent emotional impact, saying 'you cannot be so busy saving a world that you cannot hear an infant shriek'.^[50] After criticizing unrealistic science fiction, Carl Sagan in 1978 listed Dune as among stories 'that are so tautly constructed, so rich in the accommodating details of an unfamiliar society that they sweep me along before I have even a chance to be critical'.^[51]

Tamara I. Hladik wrote that the story 'crafts a universe where lesser novels promulgate excuses for sequels. All its rich elements are in balance and plausible—not the patchwork confederacy of made-up languages, contrived customs, and meaningless histories that are the hallmark of so many other, lesser novels.'^[52]

Writing for The New Yorker, Jon Michaud praises Herbert's 'clever authorial decision' to exclude robots and computers ('two staples of the genre') from his fictional universe, but suggests that this may be one explanation why Dune lacks 'true fandom among science-fiction fans' to the extent that it 'has not penetrated popular culture in the way that The Lord of the Rings and Star Wars have'.^[53]

First edition prints and manuscripts[edit]

The first edition of Dune is one of the most valuable in science fiction book collecting, and copies have gone for more than $10,000 at auction.^[54] The Chilton first edition of the novel is 9.25 inches tall, with bluish green boards and a price of $5.95 on the dust jacket, and notes Toronto as the Canadian publisher on the copyright page. Up to this point, Chilton had been publishing only automobile repair manuals.^[55] Other editions similar to this one, such as book club editions, exist.^{[citation needed]}

California State University, Fullerton's Pollack Library has several of Herbert's draft manuscripts of Dune and other works, with the author's notes, in their Frank Herbert Archives.^[56]

Adaptations[edit]

Early stalled attempts[edit]

In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) (headed by Arthur P. Jacobs) optioned the rights to filmDune. As Jacobs was busy with other projects, such as the sequel to Planet of the Apes, Dune was delayed for another year. Jacobs' first choice for director was David Lean, but he turned down the offer. Charles Jarrott was also considered to direct. Work was also under way on a script while the hunt for a director continued. Initially, the first treatment had been handled by Robert Greenhut, the producer who had lobbied Jacobs to make the movie in the first place, but subsequently Rospo Pallenberg was approached to write the script, with shooting scheduled to begin in 1974. However, Jacobs died in 1973.^[57]

In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct.^[58] In 1975, Jodorowsky planned to film the story as a 10-hour feature, in collaboration with Salvador Dalí, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Geraldine Chaplin, Alain Delon, Hervé Villechaize, and Mick Jagger. It was at first proposed to score the film with original music by Karlheinz Stockhausen, Henry Cow, and Magma; later on, the soundtrack was to be provided by Pink Floyd.^[59] Jodorowsky set up a pre-production unit in Paris consisting of Chris Foss, a British artist who designed covers for science fiction periodicals, Jean Giraud (Moebius), a French illustrator who created and also wrote and drew for Metal Hurlant magazine, and H. R. Giger.^[58] Moebius began designing creatures and characters for the film, while Foss was brought in to design the film's space ships and hardware.^[58] Giger began designing the Harkonnen Castle based on Moebius' storyboards. Jodorowsky's son Brontis was to play Paul Atreides.^[58]Dan O'Bannon was to head the special effects department.^[58]

Dalí was cast as the Emperor.^[58] Dalí later demanded to be paid $100,000 per hour; Jodorowsky agreed, but tailored Dalí's part to be filmed in one hour, drafting plans for other scenes of the emperor to use a mechanical mannequin as substitute for Dalí.^[58] According to Giger, Dalí was 'later invited to leave the film because of his pro-Franco statements'.^[60] Just as the storyboards, designs, and script were finished, the financial backing dried up. Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie ('It was the size of a phone book', Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the Dune story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an 'enthusiastic admiration' for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project.^[58] Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the Dune project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became Alien.^[58] A 2013 documentary, Jodorowsky's Dune, was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation.

In 1976 Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using The Battle of Algiers as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, Blade Runner (1982). As he recalls, the pre-production process was slow, and finishing the project would have been even more time-intensive:

But after seven months I dropped out of Dune, by then Rudy Wurlitzer had come up with a first-draft script which I felt was a decent distillation of Frank Herbert's. But I also realised Dune was going to take a lot more work—at least two and a half years' worth. And I didn't have the heart to attack that because my older brother Frank unexpectedly died of cancer while I was prepping the De Laurentiis picture. Frankly, that freaked me out. So I went to Dino and told him the Dune script was his.

—From Ridley Scott: The Making of his Movies by Paul M. Sammon

1984 film by David Lynch[edit]

In 1981, the nine-year film rights were set to expire. De Laurentiis re-negotiated the rights from the author, adding to them the rights to the Dune sequels (written and unwritten). After seeing The Elephant Man, De Laurentiis' daughter Raffaella decided that David Lynch should direct the movie. Around that time Lynch received several other directing offers, including Return of the Jedi. He agreed to direct Dune and write the screenplay even though he had not read the book, known the story, or even been interested in science fiction.^[61] Lynch worked on the script for six months with Eric Bergen and Christopher De Vore. The team yielded two drafts of the script before it split over creative differences. Lynch would subsequently work on five more drafts.

This first film of Dune, directed by Lynch, was released in 1984, nearly 20 years after the book's publication. Though Herbert said the book's depth and symbolism seemed to intimidate many filmmakers, he was pleased with the film, saying that 'They've got it. It begins as Dune does. And I hear my dialogue all the way through. There are some interpretations and liberties, but you're gonna come out knowing you've seen Dune.'^[62] Reviews of the film were not as favorable, saying that it was incomprehensible to those unfamiliar with the book, and that fans would be disappointed by the way it strayed from the book's plot.^[63]

2000 miniseries by John Harrison[edit]

In 2000, John Harrison adapted the novel into Frank Herbert's Dune, a miniseries which premiered on the Sci-Fi Channel.^[16] As of 2004, the miniseries was one of the three highest-rated programs broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel.^[64]

Further film attempts[edit]

In 2008, Paramount Pictures announced that they would produce a new film based on the book, with Peter Berg attached to direct.^[65] Producer Kevin Misher, who spent a year securing the rights from the Herbert estate, was to be joined by Richard Rubinstein and John Harrison (of both Sci Fi Channel miniseries) as well as Sarah Aubrey and Mike Messina.^[65] The producers stated that they were going for a 'faithful adaptation' of the novel, and considered 'its theme of finite ecological resources particularly timely.'^[65] Science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson and Frank Herbert's son Brian Herbert, who had together written multiple Dunesequels and prequels since 1999, were attached to the project as technical advisors.^[66] In October 2009, Berg dropped out of the project, later saying that it 'for a variety of reasons wasn't the right thing' for him.^[67] Subsequently, with a script draft by Joshua Zetumer, Paramount reportedly sought a new director who could do the film for under $175 million.^[68] In 2010, Pierre Morel was signed on to direct, with screenwriter Chase Palmer incorporating Morel's vision of the project into Zetumer's original draft.^[69][70] By November 2010, Morel left the project.^[71] Paramount finally dropped plans for a remake in March 2011.^[72]

2020 film by Denis Villeneuve[edit]

In November 2016, Legendary Entertainment acquired the film and TV rights for Dune.^[73][74]Variety reported in December 2016 that Denis Villeneuve was in negotiations to direct the project,^[75] which was confirmed in February 2017.^[76] In April 2017, Legendary announced that Eric Roth would write the screenplay.^[77] Villeneuve explained in March 2018 that his adaptation will be split into two films, with the first installment scheduled to begin production in 2019.^[78] Casting includes Timothée Chalamet as Paul Atreides,^[79]Dave Bautista as Rabban, Stellan Skarsgård as Baron Harkonnen,^[80]Rebecca Ferguson as Lady Jessica,^[81]Charlotte Rampling as Reverend Mother Mohiam,^[82]Oscar Isaac as Duke Leto Atreides,^[83]Zendaya as Chani,^[84]Javier Bardem as Stilgar,^[85]Josh Brolin as Gurney Halleck,^[86]Jason Momoa as Duncan Idaho,^[87]David Dastmalchian as Piter De Vries,^[88]Chang Chen as Dr. Yueh,^[89] and Stephen Henderson in an undisclosed role.^[90]Warner Bros. will distribute the film, which will be released on November 20, 2020.^[91]

Audiobook[edit]

In 1993, Recorded Books Inc. released a 20-disc audio book narrated by George Guidall. In 2007, Audio Renaissance released an audio book narrated by Simon Vance with some parts performed by Scott Brick, Orlagh Cassidy, Euan Morton, and other performers.

Cultural influence[edit]

Dune has been widely influential, inspiring other novels, music, films (including Star Wars), television, games, and comic books.^[92] Real world extraterrestrial locations have been named after elements from the novel and its sequels. Dune was parodied in 1984's National Lampoon's Doon by Ellis Weiner, which William F. Touponce called 'something of a tribute to Herbert's success on college campuses', noting that 'the only other book to have been so honored is Tolkien's Lord of the Rings,' which was parodied by The Harvard Lampoon in 1969.^[93]

Music[edit]

• In 1978, French electronic musicianRichard Pinhas released the nine-track Dune-inspired album Chronolyse, which includes the seven-part Variations sur le thème des Bene Gesserit.^[94]
• In 1979, German electronic music pioneer Klaus Schulze released an LP titled Dune featuring motifs and lyrics inspired by the novel.^[95]
• A similar musical project, Visions of Dune, was released also in 1979 by Zed (a pseudonym of French electronic musician Bernard Sjazner).^[96]
• The experimental rock band Dün named themselves after the novel. Their only album, 1981's Eros, features two tracks entitled after elements of the novel: 'L'epice' ('Spice') and 'Arrakis'.
• Heavy metal band Iron Maiden wrote the song 'To Tame a Land' based on the Dune story. It appears as the closing track to their 1983 album Piece of Mind. The original working title of the song was 'Dune'; however, the band was denied permission to use it, with Frank Herbert's agents stating 'Frank Herbert doesn't like rock bands, particularly heavy rock bands, and especially bands like Iron Maiden'.^[97]
• Dune inspired the German happy hardcore band Dune, who have released several albums with space travel-themed songs.
• The influential progressive hardcore band Shai Hulud took their name from Dune.
• 'Traveller in Time', from the 1991 Blind Guardian album Tales from the Twilight World, is based mostly on Paul Atreides' visions of future and past.^[98][99]
• The song 'Near Fantastica', from the Matthew Good album Avalanche, makes reference to 'litany against fear', repeating 'can't feel fear, fear's the mind killer' through a section of the song.^[100]
• In the Fatboy Slim song 'Weapon of Choice', the line 'If you walk without rhythm/You won't attract the worm' is a near quotation from the sections of novel in which Stilgar teaches Paul to ride sandworms.
• Dune also inspired the 1999 album The 2nd Moon by the German death metal band Golem, which is a concept album about the series.^[101]
• Dune influenced Thirty Seconds to Mars on their self-titled debut album.^[102]
• The Youngblood Brass Band's song 'Is an Elegy' on Center:Level:Roar references 'Muad'Dib', 'Arrakis' and other elements from the novel.^[103]
• The debut album of Canadian musician Grimes, called Geidi Primes, is a concept album based on Dune.^[104][105]

Video games[edit]

There have been a number of games based on the book, notably the 1992 strategy adventure Dune and its sequels. The online game Lost Souls includes Dune-derived elements, including sandworms and melange—addiction to which can produce psychic talents.^[106] The 2016 game Enter the Gungeon features the spice melange as a random item which gives the player progressively stronger abilities and penalties with repeated uses, mirroring the long-term effects melange has on users.^[107]

Space exploration[edit]

The Apollo 15 astronauts named a small crater after the novel during the 1971 mission,^[108] and the name was formally adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1973.^[109] Since 2009, the names of planets from the Dune novels have been adopted for the real-world nomenclature of plains and other features on Saturn's moon Titan.^[10][11][12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abHanson, Matt (2005). Building Sci-fi Moviescapes: The Science Behind the Fiction. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN9780240807720.
2. ^ ^ab'Frank Herbert Biography'. bestsciencefictionbooks.com. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
3. ^ ^ab'The Hugo Awards: 1966'. TheHugoAwards.org. World Science Fiction Society. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
4. ^ ^ab'1965 Nebula Awards'. NebulaAwards.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
5. ^ ^abTouponce, William F. (1988). 'Herbert's Reputation'. Frank Herbert. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co. p. 119. ISBN0-8057-7514-5. Locus ran a poll of readers on April 15, 1975 in which Dune 'was voted the all-time best science-fiction novel … It has sold over ten million copies in numerous editions.'
6. ^ ^ab'SCI FI Channel Auction to Benefit Reading Is Fundamental'. PNNonline.org (Internet Archive). March 18, 2003. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved September 28, 2007. Since its debut in 1965, Frank Herbert's Dune has sold over 12 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling science fiction novel of all time ... Frank Herbert's Dune saga is one of the greatest 20th Century contributions to literature.
7. ^Kunzru, Hari (2015-07-03). 'Dune, 50 years on: how a science fiction novel changed the world'. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-02-11.
8. ^Herbert, Frank (February 3, 1969). 'Interview with Dr. Willis E. McNelly'. Sinanvural.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010. During my studies of deserts, of course, and previous studies of religions, we all know that many religions began in a desert atmosphere, so I decided to put the two together because I don't think that any one story should have any one thread. I build on a layer technique, and of course putting in religion and religious ideas you can play one against the other.
9. ^'Official Dune website: Novels'. DuneNovels.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
10. ^ ^abBlue, Jennifer (August 4, 2009). 'USGS Astrogeology Hot Topics: New Name, Descriptor Term, and Theme Approved for Use on Titan'. Astrogeology.usgs.gov. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
11. ^ ^ab'Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Planitiae'. Planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
12. ^ ^ab'Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Labyrinthi'. Planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
13. ^The Road to Dune (2005), p. 264, letter by Frank Herbert to his agent Lurton Blassingame outlining 'They Stopped the Moving Sands.'
14. ^The Road to Dune, p. 272.'...Frank Herbert toyed with the story about a desert world full of hazards and riches. He plotted a short adventure novel, Spice Planet, but he set that outline aside when his concept grew into something much more ambitious.'
15. ^The Road to Dune, pp. 263-264.
16. ^ ^abStasio, Marilyn (December 3, 2000). 'COVER STORY: Future Myths, Adrift in the Sands of Time'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2015.
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22. ^ ^abJames, Edward; Farah Mendlesohn (2003). The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 183–184. ISBN0-521-01657-6.
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25. ^Walter, Norman (1950). The Sexual Cycle of Human Warfare. Retrieved June 28, 2019 – via gwern.net.
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27. ^Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., Istvan (November 28, 2008). The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction. Wesleyan. ISBN0819568899.
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29. ^Herbert, Frank (1965). 'Afterword by Brian Herbert'. Dune (Kindle ed.). Penguin Group. p. 878.
30. ^'To name one recent example, the political imbroglio involving T. E. Lawrence had profound messianic overtones. If Lawrence had been killed at a crucial point in the struggle, Herbert notes, he might well have become a new 'avatar' for the Arabs. The Lawrence analogy suggested to Herbert the possibility for manipulation of the messianic impulses within a culture by outsiders with ulterior purposes. He also realized that ecology could become the focus of just such a messianic episode, here and now, in our own culture. 'It might become the new banner for a deadly crusade--an excuse for a witch hunt or worse.'
    Herbert pulled all these strands together in an early version of Dune. It was a story about a hero very like Lawrence of Arabia, an outsider who went native and used religious fervor to fuel his own ambitions--in this case, to transform the ecology of the planet.' pg 41, O'Reilly 1981 ibid.
31. ^''Lawrence Of Arabia' Is The Unlikely Prequel To 'Star Wars,' 'Dune,' And All Your Favorite Fantasy Epics'. Decider.com. New York Post. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
32. ^Collins, Will (September 16, 2017). 'The Secret History of Dune'. Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
33. ^Lynch, Tom; Glotfelty, Cheryll; Armbruster, Karla (2012). The Bioregional Imagination: Literature, Ecology, and Place. University of Georgia Press. p. 230. ISBN9780820343679.
34. ^ ^abHerbert, Frank (July 1980). 'Dune Genesis'. Omni. FrankHerbert.org. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
35. ^ ^abHourihan, Margery. Deconstructing the Hero: Literary Theory and Children's Literature. New York: Routledge, 1997. pp. 174-175 ISBN0-415-14419-1
36. ^Herbert liner notes quoted in Touponce pg 24
37. ^Tilley, E. Allen. 'The Modes of Fiction: A Plot Morphology.' College English. (Feb 1978) 39.6 pp. 692-706.
38. ^Hume, Kathryn. 'Romance: A Perdurable Pattern.' College English. (Oct 1974) 36.2 pp. 129-146.
39. ^Attebery, Brian. Decoding Gender in Science Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2002. p. 66 ISBN0-415-93949-6
40. ^Clareson, Thomas (1992). Understanding Contemporary American Science Fiction: the Formative Period. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 169–172. ISBN0-87249-870-0.
41. ^Herbert, Frank (1985). 'Introduction'. Eye. ISBN0-425-08398-5.
42. ^Prieto-Pablos, Juan A. (Spring 1991). 'The Ambivalent Hero of Contemporary Fantasy and Science Fiction'. Extrapolation. The University of Texas at Brownsville. 32 (1): 64–80.
43. ^ ^abcO'Reilly, Tim. 'Chapter 2: Under Pressure'. Frank Herbert. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
44. ^'Unpublished interview with Frank Herbert and Professor Willis E. McNelly'. February 3, 1969. Retrieved March 21, 2019 – via sinanvural.com.
45. ^Touponce (1988). 'Life and Intellectual Background'. Frank Herbert. p. 10. ISBN0-8057-7514-5.
46. ^ ^abHerbert, Frank (1965). 'Afterword by Brian Herbert'. Dune (Kindle ed.). Penguin Group. p. 873.
47. ^Frans Johansson (2004). The Medici effect: breakthrough insights at the intersection of ideas, concepts, and cultures. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. p. 78. ISBN1-59139-186-5.
48. ^'Frank Herbert'. Macmillan. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2019. Today the novel is more popular than ever...It has been translated into dozens of languages and has sold almost 20 million copies
49. ^ ^abc'Dune 40th Anniversary Edition: Editorial Reviews'. Amazon.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
50. ^Budrys, Algis (April 1966). 'Galaxy Bookshelf'. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 67–75.
51. ^Sagan, Carl (1978-05-28). 'Growing up with Science Fiction'. The New York Times. p. SM7. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
52. ^Hladik, Tamara I. 'Classic Sci-Fi Reviews: Dune'. SciFi.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
53. ^Michaud, Jon (July 12, 2013). 'Dune Endures'. The New Yorker. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
54. ^'Frank Herbert: Dune First Edition. (Philadelphia: ChiltonBooks, Lot #26228'. Heritage Auctions.
55. ^Currey, L.W. Science Fiction and Fantasy Authors: A Bibliography of First Printings of Their Fiction. G. K. Hall, 1978.
56. ^'Remembering Science Fiction Author Frank Herbert: Highlighting His Archives In the Pollak Library'. California State University, Fullerton. February 27, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
57. ^'Dune: Book to Screen Timeline'. Duneinfo.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
58. ^ ^abcdefghiJodorowsky, Alejandro (1985). 'Dune: Le Film Que Vous Ne Verrez Jamais (Dune: The Film You Will Never See)'. Métal Hurlant. DuneInfo.com. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
59. ^Chris Cutler, book included with Henry Cow 40th Anniversary CD box set (2008)
60. ^Falk, Gaby (ed). HR GIGER Arh+. Taschen, 2001, p.52
61. ^Cinefantastique, September 1984 (Vol 14, No 4 & 5 - Double issue).
62. ^Rozen, Leah (June 25, 1984). 'With Another Best-Seller and An Upcoming Film, Dune Is Busting Out All Over For Frank Herbert'. People.com. People Vol. 21, No. 25. pp. 129–130. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
63. ^Feeney, Mark. 'Screen of dreams.' The Boston Globe. (16 December 2007) p. N12.
64. ^Kevin J. Anderson Interview ~ DigitalWebbing.com (2004) Internet Archive, July 3, 2007.
65. ^ ^abcSiegel, Tatiana (March 18, 2008). 'Berg to direct Dune for Paramount'. Variety. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
66. ^Neuman, Clayton (August 17, 2009). 'Winds of Dune Author Brian Herbert on Flipping the Myth of Jihad'. AMCtv.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
67. ^Roush, George (December 1, 2009). 'Special Preview: El Guapo Spends A Day On A Navy Destroyer For Peter Berg's Battleship!'. LatinoReview.com. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
68. ^Rowles, Dustin (October 27, 2009). 'Pajiba Exclusive: An Update on the Dune Remake'. Pajiba.com. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
69. ^Sperling, Nicole (January 4, 2010). 'Dune remake back on track with director Pierre Morel'. Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
70. ^Dune Remake Lands New ScreenwriterArchived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine, Screen Crave, February 11, 2010
71. ^Fleming, Mike (November 8, 2010). 'Sands of Time Running Out For New Dune'. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
72. ^Reynolds, Simon (March 23, 2011). 'Dune remake dropped by Paramount'. Digital Spy. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
73. ^Busch, Anita (November 21, 2016). 'Legendary Acquires Frank Herbert's Classic Sci-Fi Novel Dune For Film And TV'. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
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75. ^Kroll, Justin (December 21, 2016). 'Blade Runner 2049 Helmer Denis Villeneuve Eyed to Direct Dune Reboot'. Variety. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
76. ^Watters, Bill (February 1, 2017). 'It's Official: The Dune Reboot Has Found Its Director'. Bleeding Cool. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
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Further reading[edit]

• Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter (1995). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 1386. ISBN0-312-13486-X.
• Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter (1995). The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (CD-ROM). Danbury, CT: Grolier. ISBN0-7172-3999-3.
• Nicholls, Peter (1979). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. St Albans, Herts, UK: Granada Publishing Ltd. p. 672. ISBN0-586-05380-8.
• Jakubowski, Maxim; Edwards, Malcolm (1983). The Complete Book of Science Fiction and Fantasy Lists. St Albans, Herts, UK: Granada Publishing Ltd. p. 350. ISBN0-586-05678-5.
• Pringle, David (1990). The Ultimate Guide to Science Fiction. London: Grafton Books Ltd. p. 407. ISBN0-246-13635-9.
• Tuck, Donald H. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Chicago: Advent. p. 136. ISBN0-911682-20-1.

External links[edit]

• Dune title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Interviewer: Paul Turner (October 1973). 'Vertex Interviews Frank Herbert'. Volume 1, Issue 4. Archived from the original on 2009-05-19.
• Spark Notes: Dune, detailed study guide
• Audio Review at The Science Fiction Book Review Podcast
• Dune by Frank Herbert, reviewed by Ted Gioia (Conceptual Fiction)
• 'Frank Herbert Biography and Bibliography at LitWeb.net'. www.litweb.net. Archived from the original on April 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
• 'Arabic and Islamic themes in Frank Herbert's Dune'. The Baheyeldin Dynasty. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
• Works of Frank Herbert at Curlie
• Timberg, Scott (April 18, 2010). 'Frank Herbert's Dune holds timely—and timeless—appeal'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
• Walton, Jo (January 12, 2011). 'In league with the future: Frank Herbert's Dune (Review)'. Tor.com. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
• Leonard, Andrew (June 4, 2015). 'To Save California, Read Dune'. Nautilus. Retrieved June 15, 2015.

Dune is a science fictionmedia franchise that originated with the 1965 novel Dune by Frank Herbert. Dune is frequently cited as the best-selling science fiction novel in history.^[1][2] It won the 1966 Hugo Award^[3] and the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel,^[4] and was later adapted into a 1984 film and a 2000 television miniseries. Herbert wrote five sequels, and the first two were presented as a miniseries in 2003. The Dune universe has also inspired some traditional games and a series of video games. Since 2009, the names of planets from the Dune novels have been adopted for the real-world nomenclature of plains and other features on Saturn's moon Titan.^[5][6][7]

Frank Herbert died in 1986.^[8][9] Beginning in 1999, his son Brian Herbert and science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson published a number of prequel novels, as well as two which complete the original Dune series (Hunters of Dune in 2006 and Sandworms of Dune in 2007), partially based on Frank Herbert's notes discovered a decade after his death.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]}

The political, scientific, and socialfictional setting of Herbert's novels and derivative works is known as the Dune universe, or Duniverse.^[18] Set tens of thousands of years in the future, the saga chronicles a civilization which has banned all forms of computers, or 'thinking machines', but has also developed advanced technology and mental and physical abilities. Vital to this empire is the harsh desert planetArrakis, only known source of the spice melange, the most valuable substance in the universe.

Due to the similarities between some of Herbert's terms and ideas and actual words and concepts in the Arabic language, as well as the series' 'Islamicundertones' and themes, a Middle Eastern influence on Herbert's works has been noted repeatedly.^[19][20]

• 1Development and publication
• 3In other media
• 4Plot arc

Development and publication[edit]

Original series[edit]

Herbert's interest in the desert setting of Dune and its challenges is attributed to research he began in 1957 for a never-completed article about a United States Department of Agriculture experiment using poverty grasses to stabilize damaging sand dunes, which could 'swallow whole cities, lakes, rivers, and highways.'^[21] Herbert spent the next five years researching, writing, and revising what would eventually become the novel Dune,^[21] which was initially serialized in Analog magazine as two shorter works, Dune World (1963) and The Prophet of Dune (1965).^[22] The serialized version was expanded and reworked—and rejected by more than 20 publishers—before being published by Chilton Books, a little-known printing house best known for its auto repair manuals, in 1965.^[23]Dune won the 1966 Hugo Award and the inaugural Nebula Award for Best Novel.^[3][4] The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, and has sold almost 20 million copies.^[24]Dune has been regularly cited as one of the world's best-selling science fiction novels.^[1][2]

A sequel, Dune Messiah, followed in 1969.^[25] A third novel called Children of Dune was published in 1976, and was later nominated for a Hugo Award.^[26]Children of Dune became the first hardcover best-seller ever in the science fiction field.^[27]

In 1978, Berkley Books published The Illustrated Dune, an edition of Dune with 33 black-and-white sketch drawings and eight full color paintings by John Schoenherr, who had done the cover art for the first printing of Dune and had illustrated the Analog serializations of Dune and Children of Dune.^[28] Herbert wrote in 1980 that though he had not spoken to Schoenherr prior to the artist creating the paintings, the author was surprised to find that the artwork appeared exactly as he had imagined its fictional subjects, including sandworms, Baron Harkonnen and the Sardaukar.^[29]

In 1981, Herbert released God Emperor of Dune, which was ranked as the #11 hardcover fiction best seller of 1981 by Publishers Weekly.^[30]Heretics of Dune, the 1984 New York Times #13 hardcover fiction best seller,^[31] was followed in quick succession by Chapterhouse: Dune in 1985.^[32] Herbert died on February 11, 1986.^[8]

Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson[edit]

Over a decade after Herbert's death, his son Brian Herbert enlisted science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson to coauthor a trilogy of Duneprequel novels that would come to be called the Prelude to Dune series.^[15] Using some of Frank Herbert's own notes,^[15][13] the duo wrote Dune: House Atreides (1999), Dune: House Harkonnen (2000), and Dune: House Corrino (2001). The series is set in the years immediately prior to the events of Dune. This was followed with a second prequel trilogy called the Legends of Dune, consisting of Dune: The Butlerian Jihad (2002), Dune: The Machine Crusade (2003), and Dune: The Battle of Corrin (2004). These were set during the Butlerian Jihad, an element of back-story which Frank Herbert had previously established as occurring 10,000 years before the events chronicled in Dune.^[33] Herbert's brief description of humanity's 'crusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots'^[34] was expanded by Brian Herbert and Anderson in this series.^[33]

With an outline for the first book of Prelude to Dune series written and a proposal sent to publishers,^[14] Brian Herbert had discovered his father's 30-page outline for a sequel to Chapterhouse Dune which the elder Herbert had dubbed Dune 7.^[12] After publishing their six prequel novels, Brian Herbert and Anderson released Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007), which complete the original series and wrap up storylines that began with Frank Herbert's Heretics of Dune.

The Heroes of Dune series followed, focusing on the time periods between Frank Herbert's original novels.^{[15][35][36][37]} The first book, Paul of Dune, was published in 2008,^[38] followed by The Winds of Dune^[36][39] in 2009.^[40] The next two installments were to be called The Throne of Dune and Leto of Dune (possibly changing to The Golden Path of Dune),^[41] but were postponed due to plans to publish a trilogy about 'the formation of the Bene Gesserit, the Mentats, the Suk Doctors, the Spacing Guild and the Navigators, as well as the solidifying of the Corrino imperium.'^[42]Sisterhood of Dune was released in 2012,^[42] followed by Mentats of Dune in 2014. In a 2009 interview, Anderson stated that the third and final novel would be titled The Swordmasters of Dune,^[12] but by 2014 it had been renamed Navigators of Dune^[43] and was published in 2016.

Short stories[edit]

In 1985, Frank Herbert wrote an illustrated short work called 'The Road to Dune', set sometime between the events of Dune and Dune Messiah. Published in Herbert's short story collectionEye, it takes the form of a guidebook for pilgrims to Arrakis and features images (with descriptions) of some of the devices and characters presented in the novels.^[44]

Brian Herbert and Anderson have written several Dune short stories, most of them related to and published around their novels. The stories include 'Dune: A Whisper of Caladan Seas' (2001), 'Dune: Hunting Harkonnens' (2002), 'Dune: Whipping Mek' (2003), 'Dune: The Faces of a Martyr' (2004), 'Dune: Sea Child' (2006), and 'Dune: Treasure in the Sand' (2006).

By other authors[edit]

In 1984, Herbert's publisher Putnam released The Dune Encyclopedia under its Berkley Books imprint.^[45][46] Approved by Herbert but not written by him, this collection of essays by 43 contributors describes in invented detail many aspects of the Dune universe not found in the novels themselves.^[47] Herbert's estate later confirmed its non-canon status after Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson had begun publishing prequel novels that directly contradict The Dune Encyclopedia.^[48]

The 1984 Dune film spawned The Dune Storybook (September 1984, ISBN0-399-12949-9), a novelization written by Joan D. Vinge,^[46][49] and The Making of Dune (December 1984, ISBN0-425-07376-9), a making-of book by Ed Naha.^[46][50] In November 1984, Pocket Books published National Lampoon's Doon by Ellis Weiner (ISBN0-671-54144-7), a parody novel.^[46]

In May 1992, Ace Books published Songs of Muad'dib (ISBN0-441-77427-X), a collection of Dune-related poems written by Frank Herbert and edited by his son Brian.^[46][51] Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson released The Road to Dune on August 11, 2005. The book contains a novelette called Spice Planet (an alternative version of Dune based on an outline by Frank Herbert), a number of the Brian Herbert/Anderson short stories, and letters and unused chapters written by Frank Herbert.^[52]

In other media[edit]

Film[edit]

In 1973, director and writer Alejandro Jodorowsky set about creating a cinematic adaptation, taking over the option that producer Arthur P. Jacobs had put on the film adaptation rights in 1973 shortly before his death. Jodorowsky approached, among others, Peter Gabriel, the prog rock groups Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music, artists H. R. Giger and Jean Giraud for set and character design, Dan O'Bannon and Douglas Trumbull for special effects, and Salvador Dalí, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, and others for the cast.^[53] He began writing a vast script, so expansive that the movie was thought to potentially last 14 hours. The project, nevertheless, was nipped in the bud for financial reasons, leaving Jodorowsky's unfinished handwritten script in a notebook that was partially published as a facsimile in 2012 as part of the 100 Notes – 100 Thoughts catalog of the 13thdocumenta exhibition.^[54] Frank Pavich directed a documentary about this unrealized project entitled Jodorowsky's Dune, which premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival in May 2013,^[55] and was released theatrically in March 2014.^[56]

In 1984, Dino De Laurentiis and Universal Pictures released Dune, a feature film adaptation of the novel by director and writer David Lynch.^[57] Although a commercial and critical failure upon release, Frank Herbert himself was reportedly pleased with the movie, as it stayed more faithful to the book than earlier movie adaptation attempts, although he had his reservations on its failures at the time, citing the lack of 'imagination' in its marketing and estimated costs, and some of the filmmaker's production techniques.^[58]

In 2008, Paramount Pictures announced that they had a new feature film adaptation of Dune in development with Peter Berg set to direct;^[59] Berg dropped out of the project in October 2009,^[60] and director Pierre Morel was signed in January 2010.^[61] Paramount dropped the project in March 2011.^[62][63]

In November 2016, Legendary Entertainment acquired the film and TV rights for Dune.^[64][65]Variety reported in December 2016 that Denis Villeneuve was in negotiations to direct the project,^[66] which was confirmed in February 2017.^[67] In early 2018, Villeneuve stated that his goal was to adapt the novel into a two-part film series.^[68] He said in May 2018 that the first draft of the script had been finished.^[69][70] Villeneuve said, 'Most of the main ideas of Star Wars are coming from Dune so it's going to be a challenge to [tackle] this. The ambition is to do the Star Wars movie I never saw. In a way, it's Star Wars for adults.'^[71] In July 2018, Brian Herbert confirmed that the latest draft of the screenplay covered 'approximately half of the novel Dune.'^[72]Timothée Chalamet is to play Paul Atreides.^[73]Greig Fraser joined the project as cinematographer in December 2018.^[74] In September 2018, it was reported that Rebecca Ferguson was in talks to play Jessica Atreides.^[75] In January 2019, Dave Bautista^[76] and Stellan Skarsgård^[77] joined the production, playing Glossu Rabban and Vladimir Harkonnen, respectively. It was reported later that month that Charlotte Rampling had been cast as Reverend Mother Mohiam,^[78]Oscar Isaac as Duke Leto,^[79]Zendaya as Chani,^[80] and Javier Bardem as Stilgar.^[81] In February 2019, Josh Brolin was cast as Gurney Halleck,^[82]Jason Momoa as Duncan Idaho,^[83] and David Dastmalchian as Piter De Vries.^[84] Filming began March 18, 2019, and the film will be shot on location in Budapest, Hungary and Jordan.^[85]Warner Bros. will distribute the film, which will be released on November 20, 2020.^[86]

Television[edit]

Syfy (Sci-Fi Channel) premiered a three-part miniseries adaptation called Frank Herbert's Dune on December 3, 2000.^[87] Its March 16, 2003 sequel, Frank Herbert's Children of Dune, combined both Dune Messiah and Children of Dune. As of 2004, both miniseries were two of the three highest-rated programs ever to be broadcast on Syfy.^[15]Frank Herbert's Dune won two Primetime Emmy Awards in 2001, for Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or Movie^[88] and Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special.^[89] The miniseries was also nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special.^[90]Frank Herbert's Children of Dune won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special in 2003.^[91] The miniseries was also nominated for Emmys for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special,^[92]Outstanding Hairstyling for a Limited Series or Movie,^[92] and Outstanding Makeup for a Limited Series or Movie (Non-Prosthetic).^[93]

In June 2019 it was announced that Legendary Television will be producing a spin-off television series, Dune: The Sisterhood, for WarnerMedia's upcoming streaming service. The series will focus on the Bene Gesserit and serve as a prequel to the 2020 film. Villeneuve will produce the series' pilot with Spaihts writing the screenplay, and both will serve as executive producers alongside Brian Herbert.^[94]

Comics[edit]

On December 1, 1984, Marvel Comics and Berkley published Dune: The Official Comic Book (ISBN0-425-07623-7), a comic adaptation of David Lynch's film Dune.^[46]Marvel Super Special #36: Dune featuring an adaptation of the film by writer Ralph Macchio and artist Bill Sienkiewicz^[95] was released on April 1, 1985, as well as a three-issue limited comic series from Marvel entitled Dune from April to June 1985.^[46][96]

Games[edit]

The board gameDune was released by Avalon Hill in 1979, followed by a Parker Brothers game Dune in 1984. A 1997 card game called Dune^[97] was followed by the role-playing gameDune: Chronicles of the Imperium in 2000.^[98][99] To date, there have been five Dune computer and video games released. Following Dune (1992), the most famous video game adaptation was Westwood Studios' Dune II (1992), which is credited for popularizing and setting the template for the real-time strategy genre of computer games.^[100][101] It was followed by Dune 2000 (1998), Frank Herbert's Dune (2001), and Emperor: Battle for Dune (2001).

On February 26, 2019, Funcom announced that it was entering into an exclusive partnership with Legendary Entertainment to develop games related to the upcoming Dune films.^[102]

Music[edit]

Soundtrack albums have been released for the 1984 film, the 2000 TV miniseries, and the 2003 Children of Dune miniseries, as well as the 1992 video game, the 2001 computer game Emperor: Battle for Dune, and select tracks from the entire series of Dune video games.^[103]

Plot arc[edit]

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The Dune universe, set in the distant future of humanity, has a history that stretches thousands of years (some 15,000 years in total) and covers considerable changes in political, social, and religious structure as well as technology. Creative works set in the Dune universe can be said to fall into five general time periods:

• The Butlerian Jihad: Legends of Duneprequeltrilogy (2002–2004) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson; Great Schools of Dune (2014–2016) by Brian Herbert and Anderson
• The Corrino-led Imperium: Prelude to Dune prequel trilogy (1999–2001) by Brian Herbert and Anderson; Heroes of Dune series (2008–2009) by Brian Herbert and Anderson
• The rise of the Atreides: Dune (1965), Dune Messiah (1969), and Children of Dune (1976) by Frank Herbert; Heroes of Dune series (2008–present) by Brian Herbert and Anderson
• The reign and fall of the God Emperor: God Emperor of Dune (1981) by Frank Herbert
• The return from the Scattering: Heretics of Dune (1984) and Chapterhouse: Dune (1985) by Frank Herbert; Hunters of Dune (2006) and Sandworms of Dune (2007) by Brian Herbert and Anderson

The Butlerian Jihad[edit]

As explained in Dune, the Butlerian Jihad is a conflict taking place over 11,000 years in the future^[105] (and over 10,000 years before the events of Dune) which results in the total destruction of virtually all forms of 'computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots'.^[34] With the prohibition 'Thou shalt not make a machine in the likeness of a human mind,' the creation of even the simplest thinking machines is outlawed and made taboo, which has a profound influence on the socio-political and technological development of humanity in the Dune series.^[34] Herbert refers to the Jihad several times in the novels, but does not give much detail on how he imagined the causes and nature of the conflict.^[33]

In Herbert's God Emperor of Dune (1981), Leto II Atreides indicates that the Jihad had been a semi-religious social upheaval initiated by humans who felt repulsed by how guided and controlled they had become by machines:

'The target of the Jihad was a machine-attitude as much as the machines...Humans had set those machines to usurp our sense of beauty, our necessary selfdom out of which we make living judgments. Naturally, the machines were destroyed.'^[106]

This technological reversal leads to the creation of the universal Orange Catholic Bible and the rise of a new feudal pan-galactic empire which lasts for over 10,000 years before Herbert's series begins.^[107][108] Several secret societies also develop, using eugenics programs, intensive mental and physical training, and pharmaceutical enhancements to hone human skills to an astonishing degree.^[107]Artificial insemination is also prohibited, as explained in Dune Messiah (1969), when Paul Atreides negotiates with the Reverend MotherGaius Helen Mohiam, who is appalled by Paul's suggestion that he impregnate his consort in this manner.^[109]

Herbert died in 1986,^[8][9] leaving his vision of the actual events of the Butlerian Jihad unexplored and open to speculation.^[33] The Legends of Dune prequel trilogy (2002–2004) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson presents the Jihad as a war between humans and the sentient machines they had created, who rise up and nearly destroy humanity.^[110] The series explains that humanity had become entirely complacent and dependent upon thinking machines; recognizing this weakness, a group of ambitious, militant humans calling themselves the Titans use this widespread reliance on machine intelligence to seize control of the entire universe.^[110] Their reign lasts for a century; eventually they give too much access and power to the AI program Omnius, which usurps control from the Titans themselves.^[33][110] Seeing no value in human life, the thinking machines—now including armies of robot soldiers and other aggressive machines—dominate and enslave nearly all of humanity in the universe for 900 years, until a jihad is ignited.^[33] This crusade against the machines lasts for nearly a century, with much loss of human life but ultimately ending in human victory.^[110]

The Corrino-led Imperium[edit]

The ancient Battle of Corrin—occurring 20 years after the end of the Butlerian Jihad—spawns the Padishah Emperors of House Corrino, who rule the known universe for millennia by controlling the brutally efficient military force known as the Imperial Sardaukar. Ten thousand years later, one balance to Imperial power is the assembly of noble houses called the Landsraad, which enforces the Great Convention's ban on the use of atomics against human targets. Though the power of the Corrinos is unrivaled by any individual House, they are in constant competition with each other for political power and stakes in the omnipresent CHOAM company, a directorship which controls the wealth of the entire Old Empire. The third primary power in the universe is the Spacing Guild, which monopolizes interstellar travel and banking. Mutated Guild Navigators use the spice drug melange to successfully navigate 'folded space' and safely guide enormous heighlinerstarships from planet to planet instantaneously.^[107][111]

The matriarchalBene Gesserit possess almost superhuman physical, sensory, and deductive powers developed through years of physical and mental conditioning. While positioning themselves to 'serve' humanity, the Bene Gesserit pursue their goal to better the human race by subtly and secretly guiding and manipulating the affairs of others to serve their own purposes. The Bene Gesserit also have a secret, millennia-long selective breeding program to bolster and preserve valuable skills and bloodlines as well as to produce a theoretical superhuman male they call the Kwisatz Haderach. By the time of Dune, the Sisterhood are only one generation away from their desired individual, having manipulated the threads of genes and power for thousands of years to produce the required confluence of events. But Lady Jessica, ordered by the Bene Gesserit to produce a daughter who would breed with the appropriate male to produce the Kwisatz Haderach, instead bears a son—unintentionally producing the Kwisatz Haderach a generation early.^[107]

'Human computers' known as Mentats have been developed and perfected to replace the capacity for logical analysis lost through the prohibition of computers. Through specific training, they learn to enter a heightened mental state in which they can perform complex logical computations that are superior to those of the ancient thinking machines. The patriarchalBene Tleilax, or Tleilaxu, are amoral merchants who traffic in biological and genetically engineered products such as artificial eyes, 'twisted' Mentats, and gholas. Finally, the Ixians produce cutting-edge technology that seemingly complies with (but pushes the boundaries of) the prohibitions against thinking machines. The Ixians are very secretive, not only to protect their valuable hold on the industry but also to hide any methods or inventions that may breach the anti-thinking machine protocols.^[107]

Against this backdrop, the Prelude to Dune prequel trilogy (1999–2001) chronicles the return from obscurity of House Atreides, whose role in the Butlerian Jihad is all but forgotten. The Imperial House schemes to gain full control of the Empire through the control of melange, precisely at the time that the Bene Gesserit breeding program is nearing fruition.^[112]

The rise of the Atreides[edit]

As Frank Herbert's Dune (1965) begins, Duke Leto Atreides finds himself in a dangerous position; the 81st Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV has put him in control of the desert planetArrakis, known as Dune, which is the only natural source of the all-important spice melange. The most valuable commodity in the known universe, the spice not only makes safe and reliable interstellar travel possible, but also prolongs life, protects against disease, and is used by the Bene Gesserit to enhance their abilities. The potential financial gains for House Atreides are mitigated by the fact that mining melange from the desert surface of Arrakis is an expensive and hazardous undertaking, thanks to the treacherous environment and constant threat of giant sandworms which protect the spice. In addition, Leto is aware that Shaddam, feeling threatened by the rising power and influence of the Atreides, has sent him into a trap; failure to meet or exceed the production volume of their predecessors, the vicious House Harkonnen, will negatively affect the position of House Atreides in CHOAM, which relies on spice profits.^[107] Further, the very presence of the Atreides on Arrakis inflames the long-simmering War of Assassins between House Atreides and House Harkonnen, a feud ignited 10,000 years before when an Atreides had a Harkonnen banished for cowardice after the Butlerian Jihad.^[113][114]

The little-understood native population of Arrakis are the Fremen, long overlooked by the Imperium. Considered backward savages, the Fremen are an extremely hardy people and exist in large numbers, their culture built around the commodity of water, which is extremely scarce on Arrakis. The Fremen await the coming of a prophesied messiah, not suspecting that this prophecy had been planted in their legends by the Missionaria Protectiva, an arm of the Bene Gesserit dedicated to religious manipulation to ease the path of the Sisterhood when necessary. In Dune, the so-called 'Arrakis Affair' puts unexpected Kwisatz Haderach Paul Atreides in control of first the Fremen people and then Arrakis itself; he deposes Shaddam and becomes ruler of the known universe.^[107] With a bloody jihad subsequently unleashed across the universe in Paul's name but out of his control, the Bene Gesserit, Tleilaxu, Spacing Guild, and House Corrino plot to dethrone him in Dune Messiah (1969).^[109] The Atreides Empire continues to devolve in Children of Dune (1976) as the religion built around Paul falters and his heirs rise to power.^[115]

The Heroes of Dune series (2008–present) by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson follows events involving the Atreides before, between, and after Dune, Dune Messiah, and Children of Dune.^[116]

The reign and fall of the God Emperor[edit]

At the time of God Emperor of Dune (1981), Paul's son, the God Emperor Leto II Atreides, has ruled the Empire for 3,500 years from the verdant face of a transformed Arrakis; melange production has ceased. Leto has forced the sandworms into extinction, except for the larval sandtrout with which he had forged a symbiosis, transforming him into a human-sandworm hybrid. Human civilization before his rule had suffered from twin weaknesses: that it could be controlled by a single authority, and that it was totally dependent upon melange, found on only one planet in the known universe. Leto's prescient visions had shown that humanity would be threatened by extinction in any number of ways; his solution was to place humanity on his 'Golden Path,' a plan for humanity's survival. Leto governs as a benevolent tyrant, providing for his people's physical needs, but denying them any spiritual outlets other than his own compulsory religion (as well as maintaining a monopoly on spice and thus total control of its use). Personal violence of any kind is banned, as is nearly all space travel, creating a pent-up demand for freedom and travel. The Bene Gesserit, Ixians, and Tleilaxu find themselves seeking ways to regain some of their former power or unseat Leto altogether. Leto also conducts his own selective breeding program among the descendants of his twin sister Ghanima, finally arriving at Siona, daughter of Moneo, whose actions are hidden from prescient vision. Leto engineers his own assassination, knowing it will result in rebellion and revolt but also in an explosion in travel and colonization. The death of Leto's body also produces new sandtrout, which will eventually give rise to a population of sandworms and a new cycle of spice production.^[106]

The return from the Scattering[edit]

In the aftermath of the fall of the God Emperor, chaos and severe famine on many worlds cause trillions of humans to set off into the freedom of unknown space and spread out across the universe. This diaspora is later called the Scattering and, combined with the invisibility of Atreides descendants to prescient vision, assures that humanity has forever escaped the threat of total extinction. At the time of Heretics of Dune (1984) and Chapterhouse: Dune (1985)—1500 years after Leto's death—the turmoil is settling into a new pattern; the balance of power in the Empire rests among the Ixians, the Bene Gesserit, and the Tleilaxu. The Spacing Guild has been forever weakened by the development of Ixian machines capable of navigation in foldspace, practically replacing Guild Navigators. The Bene Gesserit control the sandworms and their planet, now called Rakis, but the Tleilaxu have also discovered how to synthetically produce melange. This balance of power is shattered by a large influx of people from the Scattering, some fleeing persecution by an as-yet unknown enemy. Among the returning people, the Bene Gesserit finds its match in a violent and corrupt matriarchal society known as the Honored Matres, whom they suspect may be descended from some of their own sent out in the Scattering. As a bitter and bloody war erupts between the orders, it ultimately becomes clear that joining the two organizations into a single New Sisterhood with shared abilities is their best chance to fight the approaching enemy.^[117][118]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Dune Frank Herbert Free Ebook

1. ^ ^abTouponce, William F. (1988). 'Herbert's Reputation'. Frank Herbert. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers imprint, G. K. Hall & Co. p. 119. ISBN0-8057-7514-5. Locus ran a poll of readers on April 15, 1975 in which Dune 'was voted the all-time best science-fiction novel … It has sold over ten million copies in numerous editions.'
2. ^ ^ab'SCI FI Channel Auction to Benefit Reading Is Fundamental'. PNNonline.org (Internet Archive). March 18, 2003. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved September 28, 2007. Since its debut in 1965, Frank Herbert's Dune has sold over 12 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling science fiction novel of all time ... Frank Herbert's Dune saga is one of the greatest 20th Century contributions to literature.
3. ^ ^ab'The Hugo Awards: 1966'. World Science Fiction Society. Retrieved March 8, 2011.
4. ^ ^ab'1965 Nebula Awards'. NebulaAwards.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
5. ^Blue, Jennifer (August 4, 2009). 'USGS Astrogeology Hot Topics: New Name, Descriptor Term, and Theme Approved for Use on Titan'. Astrogeology.usgs.gov. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
6. ^'Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Planitiae'. Planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
7. ^'Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Titan Labyrinthi'. Planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
8. ^ ^abc'Frank Herbert, author of sci-fi best sellers, dies'. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 13, 1986. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
9. ^ ^abSnider, John C. (August 2007). 'Audiobook Review: Sandworms of Dune by Brian Herbert & Kevin J Anderson'. SciFiDimensions.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
10. ^Quinn, Judy (November 17, 1997). 'Bantam Pays $3M for Dune Prequels by Herbert's Son'. Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 6, 2014. The new prequels ... will be based on notes and outlines Frank Herbert left at his death in 1986.
11. ^'Dune 7 blog: Conspiracy Theories'. DuneNovels.com. December 16, 2005. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2008. Frank Herbert wrote a detailed outline for Dune 7 and he left extensive Dune 7 notes, as well as stored boxes of his descriptions, epigraphs, chapters, character backgrounds, historical notes—over a thousand pages worth.
12. ^ ^abcNeuman, Clayton (August 17, 2009). 'Winds of Dune Author Brian Herbert on Flipping the Myth of Jihad'. AMCtv.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2014. I got a call from an estate attorney who asked me what I wanted to do with two safety deposit boxes of my dad's ... in them were the notes to Dune 7—it was a 30-page outline. So I went up in my attic and found another 1,000 pages of working notes.
13. ^ ^ab'Before Dune, After Frank Herbert'. Amazon.com. 2004. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2008. Brian was cleaning out his garage to make an office space and he found all these boxes that had 'Dune Notes' on the side. And we used a lot of them for our House books.
14. ^ ^ab'Interview with Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson'. Arrakis.ru. 2004. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2008. We had already started work on House Atreides ... After we already had our general outline written and the proposal sent to publishers, then we found the outlines and notes. (This necessitated some changes, of course.)
15. ^ ^abcdeAscher, Ian (2004). 'Kevin J. Anderson Interview'. DigitalWebbing.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2007. ... we are ready to tackle the next major challenge—writing the grand climax of the saga that Frank Herbert left in his original notes sealed in a safe deposit box ... after we'd already decided what we wanted to write ... They opened up the safe deposit box and found inside the full and complete outline for Dune 7 ... Later, when Brian was cleaning out his garage, in the back he found ... over three thousand pages of Frank Herbert's other notes, background material, and character sketches.
16. ^Adams, John Joseph (August 9, 2006). 'New Dune Books Resume Story'. SciFi.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2007. Anderson said that Frank Herbert's notes included a description of the story and a great deal of character background information. 'But having a roadmap of the U.S. and actually driving across the country are two different things,' he said. 'Brian and I had a lot to work with and a lot to expand...'
17. ^Snider, John C. (August 2007). 'Audiobook Review: Hunters of Dune by Brian Herbert & Kevin J. Anderson'. SciFiDimensions.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2009. the co-authors have expanded on Herbert's brief outline
18. ^Evans, Clay (March 14, 2008). 'Review: Exploring Frank Herbert's 'Duniverse''. DailyCamera.com (Internet Archive). Archived from the original on March 19, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
19. ^Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., Istvan (November 28, 2008). The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction. Wesleyan. ISBN0819568899.
20. ^Bahayeldin, Khalid (January 22, 2004). 'Arabic and Islamic themes in Frank Herbert's Dune'. Baheyeldin.com. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
21. ^ ^abHerbert, Frank; Herbert, Brian; Anderson, Kevin J. (August 11, 2005). 'They Stopped the Moving Sands'. The Road to Dune. Tor Books. pp. 263–264. ISBN0-7653-1295-6.
22. ^'The Letters of Dune'. The Road to Dune. Tor Books. 2005. pp. 276–280. ISBN0-7653-1295-6.
23. ^'The Letters of Dune'. The Road to Dune. Tor Books. 2005. p. 281. ISBN0-7653-1295-6.
24. ^'Frank Herbert'. Macmillan. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2019. Today the novel is more popular than ever...It has been translated into dozens of languages and has sold almost 20 million copies
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External links[edit]

• Official website of the Dune novel series
• Official website of the Duneaudiobook series
• 'Comprehensive timeline of plot events in the Dune series'. DuneNovels.com (Internet Archive). Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2009.
• Cobain, Craig T. (2002). 'Frank Herbert'. St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. FindArticles.com. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
• Dune Universe series listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Michaud, Jon (July 12, 2013). 'Dune Endures'. The New Yorker. Retrieved August 18, 2015.